In 1816 the Second National Bank is chartered with a twenty-year term. Madison vetoes the first bill, but finds it difficult to finance a war without a national bank. One of Madison's few domestic policies is to re-authorize the Bank of the United States as the charter terminates in 1812. The war is likened to a second war of independence and the resulting America victory boosts national pride and Madison's popularity. In 1814 the British set fire to the White House and other federal buildings. The 1812 war is predominantly against Native Americans, backed by the British. In fact Madison is elected President by a landslide of 122 votes to 44. The Federalists believe they will easily win the elections after the Embargo Act disaster and rely on a fierce anti-Madison campaign. This hugely unpopular act backfires as it cripples American exports. Madison campaigns for the Embargo Act of 1807, which prohibits US ships docking in foreign ports. Madison and Jefferson acquire the vast area at an incredibly low price, effectively doubling the size of the United States.ĭiplomatic efforts to stop Britain and France violating American naval rights fail. Madison views African American slaves as an "unfortunate race" and believes that, as "property", they should be protected by both their masters and the government.Īfter a crippling defeat in modern-day Haiti, Napoleon concedes his ambition of a new Empire and sells the Louisiana territory to America in 1803. When his father dies in 1801, Madison inherits the large family plantation of Montpelier, along with 108 slaves. Madison is credited with shaping the foreign policy, which is dominated by the Napoleonic wars in Europe. Madison supports Jefferson's Presidential campaign and serves as Secretary of State when the party is victorious. Dolley is popular and later makes a name for herself as a wonderful hostess in the White House. Madison, who is a shy and retiring 43-year-old, marries 26-year-old Dolley Payne Todd, a vivacious widow with a young son. Madison fights the controversial Alien and Sedition Acts. He breaks away from George Washington, instead joining Thomas Jefferson to form the Democratic-Republican party. Madison is elected to the House of Representatives in 1789 and introduces the Bill of Rights, guaranteeing civil liberties. Madison is elected to the House of Representatives The Constitution is ratified in each state, a process which is led by Madison and supported by the publication of his Federalist Papers in New York. Madison ensures the constitution is ratified. Madison urges a national convention in 1787, persuades Washington to chair the meeting and draws up the Virginia Plan which forms the framework of the constitution. Madison believes the Articles of Confederation expose the fledgling country to social unrest, financial debt and foreign attack. Madison is hailed as the Father of the Constitution. Madison is critical of "excessive democracy" and believes legislatures should act in the interest of the wider state. Madison becomes the youngest delegate to the Continental Congress in 1780 and gains a good reputation persuading Virginia to give up northwestern territorial claims to create the Northwest Territory in 1783. The pair draft the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, which is passed in 1786. He forms early ideas about religious freedom and becomes known as a protégé of Thomas Jefferson. Madison serves in the Virginia state legislature from 1776. Madison serves in Virginia state legislature. In 1769, he enrolls at the College of New Jersey where he enjoys debating. He suffers periods of ill-health throughout his childhood.įrom 1762 Madison studies away from home, returning to the new family house, Montpellier, aged sixteen to prepare for college. Madison is raised on the family plantation of Mount Pleasant, near Orange, Virginia. James Madison Junior is born on March 16, 1751, the oldest of twelve children to Nelly and James Madison.
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